Derives from the Latin word civis (citizen); being entitled, as a member of a nation-state, to an exclusive set of rights, privileges, and responsibilities.

The process as a result of which goods and services are exchanged as commodities, i.e., they are sold on the market for money.

The country of citizenship or former habitual residence (stateless persons).

Refers to the way housing is constructed in relation to the cultural identity, livelihoods, and daily routines of the inhabitants.